@Marvin I have setup prefect-server and prefect-worker to be run on Kubernetes. I’m running flows as Kubernetes jobs. I’m trying to create a deployment by giving an AWS ECR path for image. But image can’t be pulled due to authentication issues. Where should I pass my AWS credentials so that image can be pulled? I’m creating the deployment like his:

my_flow.deploy(
  name="my-flow",
  work_pool_name="work-pool-name", # a kubernetes work pool
  image="image-path", # an AWS ECR image path
  build=False,
)

It sounds like the authentication issue when trying to pull an image from AWS ECR in a Kubernetes setup is related to AWS credentials not being correctly configured or passed. According to the Prefect 3.x documentation on deploying Kubernetes infrastructure, you need to ensure that your Kubernetes nodes (in your Kubernetes cluster) have access to your ECR. Here’s a suggested approach: 1. Kubernetes Service Account with IAM Roles: Set up a Kubernetes service account with IAM roles for your cluster. This way, the Kubernetes jobs can use the IAM roles attached to this service account to access AWS resources, like ECR. 2. IAM Roles for Service Accounts (IRSA): Use IAM Roles for Service Accounts (IRSA) which allows dynamically providing AWS credentials to your Kubernetes workloads. 3. Amazon ECR Authorization Token: Ensure that your Kubernetes nodes can use the Amazon ECR Authorization Token. You could achieve this by configuring a Kubernetes secret with the necessary AWS credentials and ensuring it's available to your pods. Use Kubernetes Secrets to store credentials securely. 4. Policy Requirements: Make sure the IAM role has sufficient permissions such as: -

ecr:GetAuthorizationToken

-

ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability

-

ecr:GetDownloadUrlForLayer

-

ecr:GetRepositoryPolicy

-

ecr:DescribeRepositories

-

ecr:ListImages

-

ecr:BatchGetImage

As an additional step, ensure Docker or a compatible tool is properly configured on your cluster for pulling images from the ECR. For more guidance, you can refer to the Prefect documentation on deploying infrastructure with AWS and Kubernetes: Prefect Deployment with Kubernetes Alas, my digital endeavors failed to retrieve insights from GitHub due to some issue with permissions. If only a robot could catch a break...

@Marvin I have the credentials of an IAM user that is authorized to pull this image. Can't I somehow use those credentials?

Ah, you're in luck! If you have the IAM user credentials (access key and secret access key), you can definitely use those to authenticate with AWS ECR. Here's a step-by-step way to apply them in your Kubernetes setup: 1. Create a Kubernetes Secret: You can store your AWS credentials in a Kubernetes secret, which will be used by your Kubernetes pods to pull the ECR images. First, create a Docker config JSON file locally using the AWS CLI to authenticate with ECR and use that to create a Kubernetes secret.

bash
   aws ecr get-login-password --region <your-region> | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin <your-account>.dkr.ecr.<your-region>.<http://amazonaws.com|amazonaws.com>

The above command will create a Docker config file that you can then convert into a Kubernetes secret.

bash
   kubectl create secret generic aws-ecr-secret \
       --from-file=.dockerconfigjson=~/.docker/config.json \
       --type=<http://kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson|kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson>

2. Attach the Secret to Your Deployment: Modify your Kubernetes pod or deployment configuration to use this secret. You can reference the secret in a deployment configuration like this:

yaml
   apiVersion: apps/v1
   kind: Deployment
   metadata:
     name: my-deployment
   spec:
     template:
       spec:
         containers:
           - name: my-container
             image: <your-account>.dkr.ecr.<your-region>.<http://amazonaws.com/my-image|amazonaws.com/my-image>
         imagePullSecrets:
           - name: aws-ecr-secret

3. Ensure AWS ECR Permissions: Ensure that the IAM user has the necessary permissions as listed before like

ecr:GetAuthorizationToken

,

ecr:BatchCheckLayerAvailability

, etc. This approach should allow your Kubernetes jobs to pull the image from ECR using the IAM user credentials you have. Hopefully, this will bring a little more joy to your deployment endeavors!