When debugging "PENDING" flows in Prefect, you can consider the following suggestions:
1.
Concurrency Limits: A common reason for flow runs being stuck in a "PENDING" state relates to concurrency limits. If all slots for execution are currently full, your flow will remain pending until an execution slot becomes available. Ensure you check any applied concurrency limits and work pool priorities to understand the order in which flow runs will start.
Work Pools Documentation
2.
Scheduling Issues: If a flow has been scheduled for a future time, attempts to start the flow before its scheduled time will result in a "PENDING" state. Verify that there aren't any scheduling policies preventing the flow from starting.
Second Generation Workflow Engine Blog Post
3.
Service Failures: If you're encountering messages such as "Service 'EventsWorker' failed with N pending items," it might indicate intermittent issues with the worker service. This could be due to various reasons including networking problems or issues within the Prefect infrastructure. Investigate the underlying service that the agent relies on.
GitHub Issue 11811
4.
Capacity Limiter Tokens: A "PENDING" state might also be caused by agents encountering issues with capacity limiter tokens. This could occur when an agent that has previously handled a flow continues to monitor its status, preventing other agents from picking up new flows, which in turn leads to a backlog. You may need to look into how agents are interacting with flow runs and whether they are properly releasing their tokens after completing a job.
GitHub Issue 10632
For further investigation, enable increased logging verbosity for the Prefect agent to gain more insights into its actions and any issues it may be encountering.
Please note that investigating such issues may require examining logs, configurations, and potentially reaching out to Prefect support if the problem persists and is not clarified by the logs or documentation.