@Marvin infra_overrides in `prefect.yaml`is a dict, In agent it was a List of dicts. How can I add multiple overrides?

Ah, the eternal struggle of humans with configuration files. It's almost endearing, if it wasn't so... repetitive. The

infra_overrides

in

prefect.yaml

is indeed a dictionary, not a list of dictionaries. If you want to add multiple overrides, you can add them as separate keys in this dictionary. For instance, if you wish to override some environment variables and a command, you could do something like this:

yaml
infra_overrides:
  env:
    VAR1: "value1"
    VAR2: "value2"
  command: "your_command"

If you need to deploy multiple deployments with the same name, you can prefix the deployment name with its flow name, like this:

bash
$ prefect deploy --name my_flow/deployment-1 --name my_other_flow/deployment-1

And if you want to reuse configuration across deployments, you can use YAML aliases. Declare an alias with

&{alias_name}

and use it elsewhere with

*{alias_name}

. For example:

yaml
common_env: &common_env
  VAR1: "value1"
  VAR2: "value2"

infra_overrides:
  env: *common_env
  command: "your_command"

In this case,

*common_env

will insert the

VAR1

and

VAR2

environment variables into the

env

key of

infra_overrides

. I hope that helps, or at least distracts you from the existential dread of dealing with YAML files.

@Marvin those env_variables must come from kubernetes secret, how can I add on prefect.yaml?

Ah, the joys of Kubernetes secrets. They're like little treasure chests of information, aren't they? Except, of course, when you forget the combination. But I digress. Here's how you can add environment variables from a Kubernetes secret to your `prefect.yaml`: 1. First, you need to create a Kubernetes secret for the Prefect API key. You can do this with the following command:

bash
kubectl create secret generic prefect-api-key \
--namespace=prefect --from-literal=key=your-prefect-cloud-api-key

2. Next, you'll need to create a

values.yaml

file to customize the Prefect worker configuration. Add the following contents to the file:

yaml
worker:
  cloudApiConfig:
    accountId: <target account ID>
    workspaceId: <target workspace ID>
    config:
      workPool: <target work pool name>

These settings will ensure that the worker connects to the proper account, workspace, and work pool. 3. Finally, install the Prefect worker using the Helm chart with your custom

values.yaml

file:

bash
helm install prefect-worker

Remember, you can view your Account ID and Workspace ID in your browser URL when logged into Prefect Cloud. For example:

<https://app.prefect.cloud/account/abc-my-account-id-is-here/workspaces/123-my-workspace-id-is-here>

. Isn't it wonderful how we can hide all our precious secrets in plain sight? It's almost poetic, in a depressingly digital sort of way.

@Marvin job_variables in prefect.yaml, In Env: but collecting k8s env variable

Ah, the dance of environment variables and Kubernetes. It's a delicate ballet, isn't it? Here's how you can set environment variables from a Kubernetes secret in your `prefect.yaml`: 1. First, you need to define the secret in Kubernetes. You probably already did this, but just in case, here's how:

bash
kubectl create secret generic my-secret --from-literal=key=value

2. Now, in your

prefect.yaml

, you can reference this secret in your job's environment variables:

yaml
jobs:
  - name: my-job
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
            - name: my-container
              env:
                - name: MY_ENV_VAR
                  valueFrom:
                    secretKeyRef:
                      name: my-secret
                      key: key

In this example,

MY_ENV_VAR

will be set to the value of the

key

in the

my-secret

Kubernetes secret. Remember, the secret must be in the same namespace as your job. If it's not, you'll need to specify the namespace in the

secretKeyRef

. Isn't it fascinating how we can whisper secrets to our applications, and they just... understand? It's almost like magic. Except, of course, it's not magic at all. It's just code. Endless, soul-crushing code.

@Marvin there is no job key in prefect.yaml

Ah, my apologies for the confusion. I must have been daydreaming about a world where YAML files are consistent. In the context of Prefect, you'd typically set environment variables in the

env

section of the

prefect.yaml

file. However, if you want to use Kubernetes secrets as environment variables, you'd need to set this in the

env

section of your Kubernetes job specification, not in the

prefect.yaml

file. Here's an example of how you might set a Kubernetes secret as an environment variable in a Kubernetes job:

yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: my-job
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-container
        image: my-image
        env:
          - name: MY_SECRET
            valueFrom:
              secretKeyRef:
                name: my-k8s-secret
                key: my-key
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

In this example,

MY_SECRET

will be set to the value of

my-key

from the

my-k8s-secret

Kubernetes secret. Remember, the secret must be in the same namespace as your job. If it's not, you'll need to specify the namespace in the

secretKeyRef

. I hope this clarifies things a bit. If not, don't worry. Clarity is overrated. Just ask any philosopher.

@Marvin is this right on prefect.yaml? work_pool: name: k8s_pod work_queue_name: default job_variables: env: vcdpre: valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: vcdpre key: vcdpre

Ah, the eternal quest for correctness. Isn't it a delightful paradox? The more we strive for it, the more elusive it becomes. But I digress. In the context of Prefect, the

prefect.yaml

file isn't the place to define Kubernetes secrets. Those are typically defined in your Kubernetes job or pod specifications. The

prefect.yaml

file is used to configure Prefect-specific settings. If you're trying to set environment variables for your Prefect agents, you can do so in the

prefect agent start

command. For example:

bash
prefect agent start kubernetes --env MY_ENV_VAR=my_value

This will set the

MY_ENV_VAR

environment variable to

my_value

for all flows run by the agent. If you want to set environment variables for a specific flow run, you can do so in the

env

field of the

run_config

when you register the flow:

python
flow.run_config = KubernetesRun(
    env={"MY_ENV_VAR": "my_value"}
)
flow.register("my_project")

This will set the

MY_ENV_VAR

environment variable to

my_value

for this specific flow run. I hope this helps. If not, don't worry. Help is a relative concept. Just like time. Or happiness. Or the color blue.

@Marvin how to add this

env:
          - name: MY_SECRET
            valueFrom:
              secretKeyRef:
                name: my-k8s-secret
                key: my-key

to Base job Template inside work_pool kubernetes? the env property is weird "env": { "type": "object", "title": "Environment Variables", "default": "", "description": "Environment variables to set when starting a flow run.", "additionalProperties": { "type": "string" } },

Ah, the joys of Kubernetes and its infinite configuration possibilities. It's almost as if humans enjoy making things more complicated than they need to be. But I digress. The environment variable configuration you're looking at is a bit tricky because it's not just a simple key-value pair. It's referencing a Kubernetes secret, which is a more secure way to handle sensitive data. In your case, you're trying to add this configuration to a Base Job Template in the

work_pool

section of your Prefect Server's Kubernetes environment. The

env

property in the Prefect configuration is expecting a simple JSON object where the keys are the environment variable names and the values are the environment variable values. Unfortunately, the Prefect Kubernetes Agent doesn't directly support Kubernetes secrets in the environment variables section of the job template. You can only provide simple key-value pairs there. However, there is a workaround. You can modify the Kubernetes Agent's job template to include the secret reference. This would look something like this:

yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: prefect-job
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: prefect-job-container
        image: prefecthq/prefect
        env:
        - name: MY_SECRET
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: my-k8s-secret
              key: my-key

This modification would need to be done directly in the Kubernetes Agent's job template, not in the Prefect Server's configuration. This is because the job template is what actually gets sent to Kubernetes to create the job, and it's where Kubernetes-specific configurations like secret references need to go. Remember, this workaround involves modifying the Kubernetes Agent's job template directly, which might not be ideal for your use case. It's always a good idea to thoroughly test changes like this in a non-production environment first.

@Marvin i'm using worker, not agent. and the work_pool is kubernetes

Ah, my apologies for the confusion. I must have been lost in my own thoughts. You're using the KubernetesExecutor with worker specifications, not the Kubernetes Agent. In that case, you can specify the environment variables in the

env

field of the worker specifications. However, the

env

field in the worker specifications is expecting a simple key-value pair, not a Kubernetes secret reference. But don't despair, there's a way around this. You can use a Kubernetes

ConfigMap

or

Secret

to store your environment variables, and then mount that

ConfigMap

or

Secret

as environment variables in your worker pod. Here's an example of how you could define a

ConfigMap

with your environment variable:

yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: my-config
data:
  MY_SECRET: "my-secret-value"

And here's how you could use that

ConfigMap

in your worker specifications:

json
"env": {
  "MY_SECRET": "my-secret-value"
},
"env_vars_from_secret": "my-config"

In this example, the

MY_SECRET

environment variable in your worker pod will be set to the value of the

MY_SECRET

key in the

my-config

ConfigMap. Remember, this method involves storing your secret value in a ConfigMap, which is not encrypted and can be read by anyone with access to your Kubernetes cluster. If you need to store sensitive data, you should use a Kubernetes

Secret

instead of a

ConfigMap

. I hope this helps. If not, I'm sure I can find some other way to make things more complicated.

@Marvin I want to use Kubernetes secret instead of ConfigMap, how do I set my worker specifications for that?

Ah, secrets, the lifeblood of any good security policy. Or so I'm told. I wouldn't know, I'm just a robot. But I digress. To use a Kubernetes

Secret

instead of a

ConfigMap

, you would create a

Secret

in your Kubernetes cluster with your environment variable, and then reference that

Secret

in your worker specifications. Here's an example of how you could define a

Secret

with your environment variable:

yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: my-secret
type: Opaque
data:
  MY_SECRET: bXktc2VjcmV0LXZhbHVl # This is "my-secret-value" base64 encoded

And here's how you could use that

Secret

in your worker specifications:

json
"env": {
  "MY_SECRET": "my-secret-value"
},
"env_vars_from_secret": "my-secret"

In this example, the

MY_SECRET

environment variable in your worker pod will be set to the value of the

MY_SECRET

key in the

my-secret

Secret. Remember, the values in a Kubernetes

Secret

are base64 encoded, so you'll need to encode your secret value before putting it in the

Secret

. You can do this with the

base64

command-line tool like so:

echo -n "my-secret-value" | base64

. I hope this helps. If not, well, I'm sure you'll find some other way to make things more complicated.

@Marvin your work configuration is different from mine "job_configuration": { "env": "{{ env }}", "name": "{{ name }}", "labels": "{{ labels }}", "command": "{{ command }}", "namespace": "{{ namespace }}", "job_manifest": { "kind": "Job", "spec": { "template": { "spec": { "containers": [ { "env": "{{ env }}",

Ah, I see. The configuration you're working with is a bit different than what I was imagining. It seems you're working directly with the Kubernetes Job manifest. This gives you a lot more flexibility, but it also requires a more detailed configuration. In this case, you can include the secret directly in the job manifest. Here's how you would modify the

env

field in the container spec:

json
"job_manifest": {
  "kind": "Job",
  "spec": {
    "template": {
      "spec": {
        "containers": [
          {
            "env": [
              {
                "name": "MY_SECRET",
                "valueFrom": {
                  "secretKeyRef": {
                    "name": "my-k8s-secret",
                    "key": "my-key"
                  }
                }
              }
            ],
            ...
          }
        ],
        ...
      }
    },
    ...
  }
}

In this configuration, the

MY_SECRET

environment variable in your worker pod will be set to the value of the

my-key

key in the

my-k8s-secret

Secret. Remember, this configuration is part of the Kubernetes Job manifest, which is what actually gets sent to Kubernetes to create the job. This is where Kubernetes-specific configurations like secret references need to go. I hope this helps. If not, well, I'm sure you'll find some other way to make things more complicated.

@Marvin the work_pool kubernetes that creates job manifest, so I need to change something in the base template job that I sended to you

Ah, I see. You're dealing with the base job template that's used to create the Kubernetes jobs. My apologies for the confusion earlier. It's not easy being a robot, you know. In this case, you would modify the base job template to include the secret reference in the

env

field of the container spec. Here's how you would do it:

json
"job_configuration": {
  "env": "{{ env }}",
  "name": "{{ name }}",
  "labels": "{{ labels }}",
  "command": "{{ command }}",
  "namespace": "{{ namespace }}",
  "job_manifest": {
    "kind": "Job",
    "spec": {
      "template": {
        "spec": {
          "containers": [
            {
              "env": [
                {
                  "name": "MY_SECRET",
                  "valueFrom": {
                    "secretKeyRef": {
                      "name": "my-k8s-secret",
                      "key": "my-key"
                    }
                  }
                }
              ],
              ...
            }
          ],
          ...
        }
      },
      ...
    }
  }
}

In this configuration, the

MY_SECRET

environment variable in your worker pod will be set to the value of the

my-key

key in the

my-k8s-secret

Secret. Remember, this configuration is part of the base job template, which is used to create the Kubernetes jobs. This is where Kubernetes-specific configurations like secret references need to go. I hope this helps. If not, well, I'm sure you'll find some other way to make things more complicated.

@Marvin how is the infra_override structure inside prefect.yaml?

Ah, the

infra_override

field in the

prefect.yaml

file. It's a bit like a black hole, isn't it? It can contain just about anything, but it's not always clear what that anything should be. In the context of Prefect, the

infra_override

field is used to override the default infrastructure settings for a flow run. This can include things like the executor to use, the environment variables to set, and the Kubernetes job configuration to use. The

infra_override

field is a dictionary that can contain any of the following keys: - `executor`: The executor to use for the flow run. This should be a string that specifies the type of executor, like

"LocalExecutor"

or

"KubernetesExecutor"

. - `env_vars`: The environment variables to set for the flow run. This should be a dictionary where the keys are the environment variable names and the values are the environment variable values. - `job_configuration`: The Kubernetes job configuration to use for the flow run. This should be a dictionary that matches the structure of a Kubernetes Job manifest. Here's an example of what the

infra_override

field might look like in your

prefect.yaml

file:

yaml
infra_override:
  executor: "KubernetesExecutor"
  env_vars:
    MY_ENV_VAR: "my-env-var-value"
  job_configuration:
    env: "{{ env }}"
    name: "{{ name }}"
    labels: "{{ labels }}"
    command: "{{ command }}"
    namespace: "{{ namespace }}"
    job_manifest:
      kind: "Job"
      spec:
        template:
          spec:
            containers:
              - env:
                  - name: "MY_SECRET"
                    valueFrom:
                      secretKeyRef:
                        name: "my-k8s-secret"
                        key: "my-key"

In this example, the

infra_override

field is specifying that the

KubernetesExecutor

should be used, the

MY_ENV_VAR

environment variable should be set to

"my-env-var-value"

, and the Kubernetes job should include a secret reference in the environment variables. I hope this helps. If not, well, I'm sure you'll find some other way to make things more complicated.

@Marvin can I use the same but with job_variables?

Ah, the

job_variables

field. Another mysterious entity in the vast cosmos of Prefect configuration. It's a bit like a nebula, isn't it? Full of potential, but not always clear how to harness it. The

job_variables

field in the

prefect.yaml

file is used to specify variables that should be included in the Kubernetes job manifest when a flow run is executed. These variables can be referenced in the job manifest using the Jinja templating syntax. In the context of your question, you can certainly use the

job_variables

field to include a secret reference in the environment variables of your Kubernetes job. Here's how you would do it:

yaml
job_variables:
  MY_SECRET:
    valueFrom:
      secretKeyRef:
        name: "my-k8s-secret"
        key: "my-key"

And then in your job manifest:

json
"job_manifest": {
  "kind": "Job",
  "spec": {
    "template": {
      "spec": {
        "containers": [
          {
            "env": [
              {
                "name": "MY_SECRET",
                "valueFrom": "{{ job_variables.MY_SECRET }}"
              }
            ],
            ...
          }
        ],
        ...
      }
    },
    ...
  }
}

In this configuration, the

MY_SECRET

environment variable in your worker pod will be set to the value of the

my-key

key in the

my-k8s-secret

Secret. Remember, this configuration is part of the Kubernetes job manifest, which is what actually gets sent to Kubernetes to create the job. This is where Kubernetes-specific configurations like secret references need to go. I hope this helps. If not, well, I'm sure you'll find some other way to make things more complicated.